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Somatic psychology is an interdisciplinary field involving the study of the body, somatic experience, and the embodied self, including therapeutic and holistic approaches to body. The word ''somatic'' comes from the ancient Greek root σωματ- ''somat-'' (body). The word ''psychology'' comes from the ancient Greek ''psyche'' (breath, soul hence mind) and ''-logia'' (study). Body Psychotherapy is a general branch of this subject, while Somatherapy, Eco-somatics and Dance therapy, for example, are specific branches of the subject. Somatic psychology is a field of study that bridges the Mind-body dichotomy. Pierre Janet can perhaps be considered the first Somatic Psychologist due to his extensive psychotherapeutic studies and writings with significant reference to the body (some of which pre-date Freud). It is only gradually that the body entered into the realm of available techniques that could be used in a psycho-dynamic frame, following the explorations of Sándor Ferenczi and his friend Georg Groddeck, than Otto Fenichel and his friend Wilhelm Reich. Wilhelm Reich is the first who tried to develop a clear psycho-dynamic approach that included the body, but he soon found out that it could not be done.〔Heller, M. (2012) ''Body Psychotherapy'', W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 9780393706697〕〔Geuter, U., Heller, M. C., & Weaver, J. O. (2010) “Reflections on Elsa Gindler and her influence on Wilhelm Reich and body psychotherapy”, Body, Movement and Dance in Psychotherapy, vol. 5, 1, pp. 59–73〕 He then developed his own way of combining body and mind and the somatic regulators that connect these two dimensions.〔Boadella, D. (1991). “Organism and organisation: the place of somatic psychotherapy in society”, Energy & Character, vol. 22, pp 21-23〕 Reich was a significant influence in the founding of Body Psychotherapy (or Somatic Psychology as it is often known in the USA & Australia) - though he called his early work "Character Analysis"〔Reich, W. (1933/1974). ''Character Analysis'', Farrar, Straus & Giroux, ISBN 9780374509804〕 and "Character-Analytic Vegetotherapy"). Several types of body-oriented psychotherapies trace their origins back to Reich, though there have been many subsequent developments and other influences (ref: entry on Body Psychotherapy and Somatic Psychology is of particular interest in trauma work.〔Moskowitz, A., Schafer, I., & Dorahy, M.J. (Eds)(2008) Psychosis, Trauma and Dissociation: Emerging Perspectives on Severe Psychopathology. Wiley, Blackwell.ISBN 978-0-470-51173-2 (See esp. Chap. 7., re P. Janet on hallucinations, paranoia, & schizophrenia.)〕〔Ogden, P., Minton, K. & Pain, C. (2006) Trauma and the Body: A sensorimotor approach to psychotherapy. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-70457-0〕 There is increasing use of body-oriented therapeutic techniques within mainstream psychology (like EMDR, EFT, and Mindfulness practice) and psychoanalysis has recognized the use of somatic resonance, embodied trauma, and similar concepts, for many years.〔Church, D. (2013) The EFT Manual, 3rd ed. Energy Psychology Press, pp. 74-8. ISBN 978-1-60415-214-2〕 Historically, there are early practitioners, for example, the Persian physician Avicenna (980 to 1037 CE) who performed psychotherapy only by observing the movement of the patient's pulse as he listened to their anguish.〔Afzal Iqbal & Arberry A. J., 'The Life and Work of Jalaluddin Rumi' page 94〕 This is reminiscent of both traditional Tibetan medicine and current energy therapies that employ tapping points on a meridian. As a contrast to the Western separation of body/mind, some writers describe the "body as a slow mind" 〔Friedman, L., Moon, S.I.S. & Friedlander, L. (1997) Being Bodies: Buddhist women on the paradox of embodiment. Second Story Press, ISBN 978-1-57062-324-0〕 and this re-examination of the fundamental mind-body dichotomy has coincided with research into neuroscience, embodiment and consciousness, and an unconscious mind that 'speaks' through the language of body. Dance therapy or (Dance Movement Psychotherapy) also reflect something of this approach and are considered a study and practice within the field of somatic psychology.〔Meekums, B. (2002) Dance Movement Therapy: a Creative Psychotherapeutic Approach. London: Sage, ISBN 978-0-7619-5767-6〕〔Chodorow, J. (1991) Dance Therapy and Depth Psychology. London: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-04113-3〕〔Lewis, P. (1991; 1988) Theoretical Approaches in Dance Movement Therapy. Vols I & II, USA: Kendall/Hunt, ISBN 978-0-8403-3994-2 & 978-0840346483〕〔Payne, H.(ed).(2006)Dance Movement Therapy: Theory, Research and Practice (2nd edn). Tavistock/Routledge, ISBN 978-1-58391-703-9〕 ==Principles== As a field of study, somatic psychology has been defined as: 'the study of the mind/body interface, the relationship between our physical matter and our energy, the interaction of our body structures with our thoughts and actions.'〔C. Caldwell. (1997) ‘This body opens,’ in C. Caldwell (Ed.) Getting in touch: The guide to new body-centered therapies. Wheaton, IL: Quest, (p.1).〕 The primary relationship addressed in somatic psychology is the person's relation to and empathy with their own felt body.〔Gendlin, E 'Focusing-oriented Psychotherapy' Guilford Press 1996〕 It is based on a belief, from the principles of vitalism, bringing sufficient awareness will cause healing. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「somatic psychology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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